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Antifungal Effects of English Camphor Basil (Ocimum canum) Leaves and Flower Extracts on some Selected Fungi Associated with Skin Infections

Dabo AD, Gberikon GM, Damter FA

Investigations were carried out to ascertain the antifungal activity of English camphor basil (Ocimum canum) leaves and flower extracts on some selected fungi associated with skin infections. Plant samples were collected at Mista Ali, Bassa LGA of Plateau State. Phytochemical analysis was carried out in the Biochemistry Laboratory of National Veterinary Research Institute Vom (NVRI), located in Jos South LGA. Qualitatively, both extract revealed the presence of steroids, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids while tannins were detected in the leaves extract only. There was significant (p<0.05) variation in the quantity of inherent phytochemical components of the extracts. Cardiac glycoside was present in the leaves and flower extracts of Ocimum canum. The test organisms, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, T. rubrum, T. vericosum, M. canis were obtained from the microbial banks of bacteriology and dermatophilosis sections of NVRI, Vom and were standardized with a Nephelometer. T. mentagrophytes was the only fungi specie susceptible to both extracts. The flower extract had significantly higher (p<0.05) antifungal activity (20 ± 0.93 mm) against T. mentagrophytes than the leaves extract (16.7 ± 1.53 mm). Both extracts showed MIC of 25 mg/ml against T. mentagrophytes. MFC ranged from 50-100 mg/ml for the sensitive fungal isolate. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) from the combined extracts varied from 1.89 to 3.97on the fungus and that showed lack of interaction (FICI<4). Synergistic activity of O. canum was not effective on fungal isolates tested. However, bioactive constituents of the plant parts can be of pharmacological importance.