प्रायोगिक जीवविज्ञान के यूरोपीय जर्नल खुला एक्सेस

अमूर्त

Development and validation of instruments to measure doping attitudes and doping beliefs

Jasem Manouchehri and Farshad Tojari

Since 40 years ago athletes have been asked about their believes about drug usage in various studies and in the case of psychology behind doping athletes’ perception and attitudes toward doping have been considered consistently. Doping scandals creating fairness issues for professional and Olympic organizations have become a major issue. One’s attitude toward a given issue or entity can be impacted by personality traits, previous experiences, environmental factors, and characteristics of the attitude object. The aim of present study was to develop and validate the performance enhancement attitude scale and doping use belief which were used in Iranian elite martial artists. 160 elite athletes (120 males, 40 females) with the mean age of 22 (3.1) years who had activity records in Kick Boxing, O-Sport, Sumo, Wrestling, Jiu-Jitsu, Boxing and Muay Thai were chosen by categorical sampling method and they filled questionnaires voluntary. In order to measuring instruments consistency the Cronbach’ alpha was utilized. The confirmatory factor analysis was used for measuring the instruments validation. The present paper suggests the researchers to accomplish the same study in the team sports and also non-contact sports to develop and validate the paper instruments for perceiving athletes’ psychological conditions in using drug